Artificial Intelligence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Man-made reasoning - Research Paper Example In this situation, our ability to combine information from every one of these regions will in the end advance our advancement in the quest for making an AI animal (Champandard) and (Russell and Norvig). This paper presents a nitty gritty review of man-made consciousness. This paper will likewise talk about different ideas that are related with computerized reasoning. Foundation of Artificial Intelligence Artificial knowledge (AI) is the part of software engineering which centers around creating different machines that can complete exercises which individuals can think. Also, the plan to fabricate smart machines has plotted people since most punctual occasions and these days with the appearance of the PC innovation alongside fifty years of complete investigation into man-made consciousness practices of programming, the vision of exquisite and astute machines is ending up being a conviction. ... Besides, as indicated by different analysts, AI has gone past far away from its primer deduction. In this situation, the underlying phases of man-made reasoning have gone converse sooner than hardware field to science just as masterminds like that Boole and other people who have been hypothesizing the rules that were utilized as the establishment of the rationale of computerized reasoning. Verifiably, the possibility of man-made brainpower was first utilized in 1943 with the making of the PC machine. More than the following 4 decades, paying little heed to various conditional blocks; man-made brainpower has created from a few examiners, to a large number of different specialists just as a ton of limit building specialists (ThinkQuest) and (Champandard). Besides, man-made brainpower has always been on the progressive side of software engineering innovation. In this situation, more significant level dialects of PC, just as PC interfaces and word handling owe their continuation to the i nvestigation into AI. What's more, the speculation and discernment created by man-made reasoning examination will place the advancement in the possibility of PC field. In addition, a ton of items available these days are simply bits and parts of what are by and by to seek after, anyway they are considered as an advancement toward the up and coming time of AI. The advancements in the interest planned for AI have, and will continue to impact our business forms, lives, training and different fields of life widely (ThinkQuest) and (Champandard). History of Artificial Intelligence The improvement of AI legends can be stepped back to early Egypt, anyway with the making of the electronic PC during the year 1941; the

American Beauty2 essays

American Beauty2 expositions American Beauty recounts to the tale of one man's quest for bliss. The film acquaints the crowd with Lester Burnham, a normal looking wedded man and father in his forties. Lester is in a cold marriage. Lester's better half, Carolyn, is so enveloped with her land profession that Lester frequently asserts that Carolyn doesn't recognize him. Besides, Lester's girl, Jane, is totally inaccessible, regularly guaranteeing how terrible she thinks her dad is. Also, Lester has devoted fourteen years to his occupation, and out of nowhere, he is at risk for losing his employment because of scaling down. These components significantly impact Lester and come full circle into sentiments of edginess and helplessness for him. Lester is in this manner looking for a break and a resurrection. He is looking for the scarcest chance of joy. All through the story Lester is reliably thinking back on his past; wishing he could have it back. First and foremost parts of the story, Lester, as the storyteller, expresses that it is never past the point where it is possible to recapture your past. The impetus to this edge of thought is Jane's companion, Angela. Lester feels energized by the idea that an adolescent young lady thinks he is hot. Lester catches Angela express that she would engage in sexual relations with him if Lester would begin working-out and develop his body. This drives Lester to change himself totally. Lester, in urgent hunt of bliss , finds a getaway in Angela. Much like a hormone-driven adolescent kid, Lester imagines that on the off chance that he can score with a sensation like Angela, at that point he will be reawakened. Lester's crucial satisfaction and departure is additionally sustained by his multi year old neighbor, Ricky. In Ricky, Lester sees his model for resurrection. Lester calls Ricky his legend and is in amazement of Ricky's certainty. Lester, at that point starts a change back to his cliché comprehension of what a young person is. Lester starts to work-out, smoke pot, and drink lager. Much like a high schooler, he... <!

How Multitasking Affects Productivity and Brain Health

How Multitasking Affects Productivity and Brain Health Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Multitasking Affects Productivity and Brain Health By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on June 24, 2019 Ali Smith / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Productivity Research Practical Applications Effect on Your Brain Negative Consequences Benefits View All Back To Top Multitasking seems like a great way to get a lot done at once. While it might seem like you are accomplishing many things at once, research has shown that our brains are not nearly as good at handling multiple tasks as we like to think we are. In fact, some researchers suggest that multitasking can actually reduce productivity by as much as 40%! What is it that makes multitasking such a productivity killer? It might seem like you are getting multiple things done at the same time, but what you are really doing is quickly shifting your attention and focus from one thing to the next.  Switching from one task to another makes it difficult to tune out distractions and can cause mental blocks that can slow you down. Is All That Multitasking Really Making You More Productive? Take a moment and think about all of the things you are doing right now. Obviously, you are reading this article, but chances are good that you are also doing several things at once. Perhaps youre also listening to music, texting a friend, checking your email in another browser tab, or playing a computer game. If you are doing several different things at once, then you may be what researchers refer to as a heavy multitasker. And you probably think that you are fairly good at this balancing act. According to a number of different studies, however, you are probably not as effective at multitasking as you think you are. In the past, many people believed that multitasking was a good way to increase productivity. After all, if youre working on several different tasks at once, youre bound to accomplish more, right? Recent research, however, has demonstrated that that switching from one task to the next takes a serious toll on productivity. Multitaskers have more trouble tuning out distractions than people who focus on one task at a time. Also, doing so many different things at once can actually impair cognitive ability. What the Research Suggests First, lets start by defining what we mean when we use the term multitasking. It can mean performing two or more tasks simultaneouslyIt can also involve switching back and forth from one thing to anotherMultitasking can also involve performing a number of tasks in rapid succession. In order to determine the impact of multitasking, psychologists asked study participants to switch tasks and then measured how much time was lost by switching. In one study conducted by Robert Rogers and Stephen Monsell, participants were slower when they had to switch tasks than when they repeated the same task. Another study conducted in 2001 by Joshua Rubinstein, Jeffrey Evans and David Meyer found that participants lost significant amounts of time as they switched between multiple tasks and lost even more time as the tasks became increasingly complex. Understanding What the Research Means In the brain, multitasking is managed by mental executive functions. These executive functions control and manage other cognitive processes and determine how, when and in what order certain tasks are performed. According to researchers Meyer, Evans, and Rubinstein, there are two stages to the executive control process. The first stage is known as goal shifting (deciding to do one thing instead of another).The second is known as role activation (changing from the rules for the previous task to rules for the new task). Switching between these may only add a time cost of just a few tenths of a second, but this can start to add up when people begin switching back and forth repeatedly. This might not be that big of a deal in some cases, such as when you are folding laundry and watching television at the same time. However, if you are in a situation where safety or productivity is important, such as when you are driving a car in heavy traffic, even small amounts of time can prove critical. Practical Applications for Multitasking Research Meyer suggests that productivity can be reduced by as much as 40 percent by the mental blocks created when people switch tasks. Now that you understand the potential detrimental impact of multitasking, you can put this knowledge to work to increase your productivity and efficiency. Of course, the situation plays an important role. For example: The costs of switching tasks while texting a friend and watching a football game probably are not going to cause any major problems.However, that fraction of a second it takes to change tasks could mean life or death for someone driving down the interstate while trying to find a good radio station or talking on the phone. The next time you find yourself multitasking when you are trying to be productive, take a quick assessment of the various things you are trying to accomplish. Eliminate distractions and try to focus on one task at a time. Is Multitasking Bad for Your Brain? In todays busy world, multitasking is all too common. Juggling multiple tasks and responsibilities might seem like the best way to get a lot done, but as you have seen, trying to do more than one thing at a time can actually diminish productivity and performance. Focus on one task at a time, many experts suggest, in order to get the job done quickly and correctly. At any given moment you might be texting a friend, switching between multiple windows on your computer, listening to the blare of the television, and talk to a friend on the phone all at once! When we do get a quiet moment where nothing is demanding our attention, we might find ourselves unable to avoid the distraction of our favorite apps or social media sites. So while we know that all this distraction and multitasking is not good for your productivity, is it possible that it might actually be bad for your brain health? What impact does such a constant barrage of stimulation have on developing minds? Multitasking certainly isnt anything new, but the constant streams of information from numerous different sources do represent a relatively new dimension to the multitasking puzzle. Research Suggests Multitasking Impacts the Brain It turns out even people who are considered heavy multitaskers are not actually very good at multitasking. In one 2009 study, Stanford University researcher Clifford Nass found that people who were considered heavy multitaskers were actually worse at sorting out relevant information from irrelevant details. This is particularly surprising because it was assumed that this is something that heavy multitaskers would actually be better at. But that wasnt the only problem these high multitaskers faced. They also showed greater difficulty when it came to switching from one task to another and were much less mentally organized. What was the most frightening about the results, Nass later suggested to NPR, was that these results happened even when these heavy multitaskers were not multitasking. The study revealed that even when these chronic multitaskers were focusing on just a single task, their brains were less effective and efficient. We studied people who were chronic multitaskers, and even when we did not ask them to do anything close to the level of multitasking they were doing, their cognitive processes were impaired. So basically, they are worse at most of the kinds of thinking not only required for multitasking but what we generally think of as involving deep thought, Nass told NPR in a 2009 interview. So is the damage from multitasking permanent, or will putting an end to multitasking undo the damage? Nass suggested that while further investigations are needed, the current evidence suggests that people who stop multitasking will be able to perform better. Experts also suggest that the negative impact of chronic, heavy multitasking might be the most detrimental to adolescent minds. At this age, in particular, teen brains are busy forming important neural connections. Spreading attention so thin and constantly being distracted by different streams of information might have a serious, long-term, negative impact on how these connections form. While this is an area that still requires considerable research, experts believe that teensâ€"those who often engage in media multitasking the most heavilyâ€"may be particularly vulnerable to any negative consequences of multitasking. Minimizing the Negative Consequences So what should you do to avoid the possible deleterious impact of multitasking? According to Nass, limiting the number of things you juggle at any given time to just two tasks.  Alternatively, he recommended what he referred to as the 20-minute rule. Instead of constantly switching back and forth from one task to another, try to fully devote your attention to one task for a 20-minute period before switching to the next task. So, instead of switching back and forth between writing a report for school and doing your math homework, spend 20-minutes on the one assignment before switching to focus your attention on the next. But Multitasking Isnt Always a Bad Thing According to a study by researchers from The Chinese University of Hong Kong, multitasking might not always be all bad. Their work suggests that people who engage in media multitasking, aka using more than one form of media or type of technology at once, might be better at integrating visual and auditory information. In the study published in Psychonomic Bulletin Review, participants between the ages of 19 and 28 years of age were asked to complete questionnaires regarding their media usage. The participants then completed a visual search task both with and without and auditory sound to indicate when the item changed color. Those who were media multitaskers performed better on the visual search when the auditory tone was presented, indicating that they were more adept at integrating the two sources of sensory information. Conversely, these heavy multitaskers performed worse than the light/medium multitaskers when the tone was not present. There has been a considerable amount of research to date on the detrimental impacts of multitasking. People who switch between tasks tend to lose time and have problems staying on task, which has a negative impact on both productivity and performance. While multitasking still has its downsides, this research might indicate that our constant exposure to multiple forms of media might have some benefits. Although the present findings do not demonstrate any causal effect, they highlight an interesting possibility of the effect of media multitasking on certain cognitive abilities, multisensory integration in particular. Media multitasking may not always be a bad thing, the studys authors suggested.

The Epic Of Heroism, By Dante Alighieri And Antigone By...

Ambreka Chappell Mr. Haberstroh ENGL 271-2494 10/10/14 Word Count: 1239 Why does it so often seem that heroes are merely depicted as all powerful, omnipotent, masculine beings? When did such a broad term become so clichà © and vague? Through analyzing a range of Greek epic poems and plays, I have realized that not all heroes are god-like or mighty: heroes can have fears, complicated adversities that only a true hero would ever overcome. With heroism, one should be morally in-tact, filled with courage and the will to do what is right. While each epic poem features its’ own heroic figure, they each possess different traits and attributes that truly form the quality of their character and heroic image: The Iliad by Homer focuses on the physical aspects of heroism, whereas The Inferno by Dante Alighieri and Antigone by Sophocles are merely based on the true depths of heroism. He is bold, he is brave†¦yet he is ferocious. He is the classic epic hero, Achilles, of The Iliad. Achilles exemplifies many great characteristics as the ideal hero, however, he certainly has deep character flaws which prevent him from exhibiting a more pure, heroic figure. As the offspring of a goddess, Achilles possesses impeccable super human strength, typically titled as a semi-God. His bravery, ruthlessness, and technique were all shown on the battlefield, where no other Greek warrior would ever compare. He was stronger, faster, and merely invincible. As a leader of the Greek army and protector of his

The Long Term Effects Of Polio - 967 Words

The government has a duty to protect the citizen of a population. Government cannot sit idly and watch people suffer and not do anything because a few citizens are against vaccination. Government has to protect mankind. This might seem paternalistic by the government but it is for the good of a society. For example, when seats belts were mandated to protect every individual in a society (McLeod, 2014). The long-term effect of polio is reported that 1 in 200 cases result in irreversible paralysis (McLeod, 2014). While 1 or 2 in 200 cases of whooping cough result in infants’ death (McLeod, 2014). With these numbers the government has the right to express their paternalistic view. The government also has to find a balance between parent’s autonomy and the right to protect the population. When parents and government realize that they have the same goals to protect children then a dialogue can open up on how to get more parents to vaccinate there children. People cannot di sregard the goals of another if they are to act morally (Loewey Loewey, 2000, p.35). Consequentialist Theory Does the end justify the means using the consequentiality theory? Does parents choosing not to vaccinate instead leaving it up to chance for their child to suffer from an infectious disease and put the population at risk? I know parents do not want to do no harm to the population or their child but that is exactly what they are doing by not vaccinating their kids. I am sure parents withShow MoreRelatedPolio Vaccine in America1048 Words   |  5 PagesThe Polio Vaccine in America When my daughter was a baby, and we decided to delay vaccination, a friend of my mother-in-law seemed thrilled with our decision. However, she advised to look into the polio vaccine because there wasn t much they could do if someone did contract polio. During my research, I have found that the polio vaccine is all but completely  unnecessary for anyone in the United States. Let s take a look at some of the most interesting information I have found. Taken directlyRead MoreEssay1203 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever thought about all the jobs that were made available because people became ill? According to the National Center on Caregiving based on the February 2015 poll, â€Å"annually 8,357,100 people receive support from five main long-term care services; home health agencies (4,742,500), nursing homes (1,383,700), hospice nurses (1,244,500), residential care communities (713,300) and adult day service centers (273,200)†. These figures are astounding and have only increased in recent years. In additionRead MoreTaking a Look at Poliomyelitis1689 Words   |  7 Pages A highly infectious disease caused by virus is â€Å"POLIO† which can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours due to invasion of nervous tissue. The polio virus consists of an RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell known as capsid. There are three serotypes of wild polio virus; type 1, type 2, and type 3 each of them with their different capsid protein. Type 1 and 3 are highly infectious but 1 is the most pervasive strain of polio and 3 are at low levels. In the 20th century itRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children1339 Words   |  6 Pagesdiseases. Because of its live-attenuated organism, which means the pathogens were partially killed to lessen the harmful effects, it can still trigger an infection particularly with those who has a very weak immune system. Thus, vaccines should not be given to young infants because of their high risk of acquiring an infection that could eventually cause them long term effects. Rather, vaccinations should be delayed until the infant is a toddler (18 months to 3 years), and he has fully stabilizedRead MoreReducing Deaths from Infectious Disease in Austrailia948 Words   |  4 Pagesprominent in Australia in the 20th century, Poliomyelitis (Polio) was considered the most terrifying of diseases, as the â€Å"prospect of paralysis and permanent disability† was particularly frightening2. Public authorities and Australian community organisations such as Rotary4 have been critic al to the success of national campaigns to educate, coordinate and fund vaccination programs. However, although Australia was finally declared a â€Å"polio free zone† in 2000, the disease is still a threat to travellersRead MoreBenefits Of Getting Vaccinated Far Out Weigh The Risks Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pagesnearly 40% of parents in the United States following along. But it is due to these vaccines that most children today have never experienced diseases such as polio or the measles such as their grandparents have. Since they have not seen these diseases, parents feel it is unnecessary to vaccinate them for fear of developing the possible side effects or because of reports they cause autism. However, these vaccines are critical for eradicating these deadly infectious diseases, and are vitally needed toRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children1404 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom September 2 through October 5 there has already been 23991 adverse reactions reported. However , some of these reported cases can be mild, that number is still extremely high. Any child can receive an adverse reaction. Every vaccine has side effects as well. Robert Kennedy, famous in the US politics was one of the few people who smoke up about vaccines. He believed that vaccines for mumps, measles, and rubella or MMR are unsafe due to the fact that all these vaccines have thimerosal. ThimerosalRead MoreA Brief Look at Poliomyelitis1377 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Poliomyelitis is often called polio, this polio is an acute infectious disease caused by a virus which can spread from person to person via the fecal- oral route. The term poliomyelitis means inflammation of the spinal cord of the grey matter. In severe poliomyelitis infection it can expand to the brainstem. Polio is so contagious that anyone living with a person that is recently affected can spread the virus for weeks in their feces. It invades the nervous system and spread withinRead MoreVaccine and Vaccinations Nicole Tuttle1721 Words   |  7 Pagesand their purpose A. Vaccinations for children. B. Diseases vaccinations protect against. C. Vaccines recommended for adults. V. Benefits of vaccinations A. The benefits of vaccinations. VI. Disadvantages of vaccinations A. Possible side effects of vaccinations. VII. Conclusion A. Where to find helpful information on vaccines. B. Thesis statement (It is important to be educated about vaccinations to be able to make an informed decision on whether or not to receive a vaccination). Read MoreShould We Make Medical Decisions For Children?1490 Words   |  6 PagesChildren all over the world are being punished by parents who refuse to vaccinate them. They are being punished by diseases such as Polio, Rubella, and Measles. These diseases are the cause of millions of children throughout time being maimed, crippled, and killed. Diseases such as these have no place in the modern world where they are easily preventable. There are a few health risks with vaccinations, but there are health risks with everything we do. The chemicals in vaccines can look scary and

Check Point Critical Thinking and Sexual Decision Making Free Essays

Critical Thinking and Sexual Decision Making Misty M. Jones PSY/265 September 26th, 2012 Nicole Pansey Critical Thinking and Sexual Decision Making Critical thinking is an integral part of college. To think critically; you must be skeptical, observant, resourceful (as far as gathering information goes), and you must weigh the truths of what you find against what you have been told. We will write a custom essay sample on Check Point: Critical Thinking and Sexual Decision Making or any similar topic only for you Order Now Based on the way I define critical thinking; I cannot think of an instance where I applied critical thinking to having sex, unless you count how I choose birth control. Quite a few people do not consider the decision making process regarding birth control and contraceptives as part of the sexual process. I do regard it as such, for many reasons. The first is that you have to consider potential allergies when choosing a birth control method, whether it is condoms, Depo-Provera, an implant, an intrauterine device, or birth control pills. I can’t take pills because I forget to take them. I tried being on a pill for birth control as a teenager, and even with them sitting right in front of my alarm clock I could not remember to take them. However, because I generally dislike needles, I could remember that in one or two or three months (depending on when I received my last shot) I had an appointment to get more Depo-Provera. After the birth of my son Lucian, I had to choose a new birth control method; especially because for the entire year prior the only that had been used was condoms. After much discussion with my fiance, I got the new implant Implanon. At this point let me explain why I am so picky about birth control. Advertisements for birth control flood commercials, especially on networks with shows whose target audiences are teenagers. Yet for all the advertising there are things you are not informed of. For example, condom commercials do not warn you that if you allergic to latex you should ask your doctor before using them. While that concept may be common sense, most eople do not even read the box the condoms come in. I think the reason I think so critically about birth control is because I made stupid mistakes as a teenager. The bottom line is that critical thinking can prevent pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Thinking critically only takes about two minutes when it comes to whether or not one is prepared to have sex, you are either using protection or you aren’t†¦I would advise using protection whenever possible though. How to cite Check Point: Critical Thinking and Sexual Decision Making, Essay examples

July At The Multiplex

Introduction Have you ever wondered why criminals are innocent until proved guilty, why people would rather decide to pursue a settlement rather than defend the case in court, or even why obvious criminals are labeled innocent in federal courts? Decision making in the justice system assumes a similar approach as hypothesis testing in statistics (Rogers, par. One). Just like statistical decisions, legal decisions result into two types of errors.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on July At The Multiplex specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay, therefore, uses the information from a case study, â€Å"July At The Multiplex: A Day At The Movies†, to draw an understanding of type I and type II errors from a legal point of view. To help achieve this, the essay seeks to provide answers to already designed questions as illustrated below. When would the consortium make a Type I error? A Type II error? In the ca se study provided, Tommy threatens to file a class action lawsuit against theatre owners. Working as a consortium, theatre owners weigh their possibilities in court. With a null hypothesis stating that, more than 10% of theatregoers are unhappy with the 20 minutes commercials show routine, the consortium has to make a decision on whether to proceed to court or seek a settlement with Tommy. In decision making, type I error is made when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true (Easton and McColl, par. 7). In this case, the consortium would make a type I error when they stick to their assumption that only less than10% of moviegoers is unhappy with the commercials hence move on to defend the case in court when a settlement would be more appropriate. If the consortium move to court on such a decision, Tommy will most likely have a strong case against them and they will not only lose the case, but also incur costs of defending the lawsuit. On the other hand, Type II error is made when the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually wrong based on available facts (Easton and McColl, par. 9). In this case, the consortium would make a type II error when they reach at a conclusion that more than 10% of moviegoers is unhappy with the commercials and hence make a decision to seek a settlement with Tommy instead of proceeding to defend the lawsuit. By so doing, the consortium surrenders while they would have won the case and end up taking the responsibility of resettlement.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In light of this result, what course of action should the consortium, (movie house owners) adopt? Justify your conclusion by applying a statistical evaluation of the accuracy of your result Suppose the consortium conducted a survey and collected views from 100 moviegoers. Out of these, six (6%) respondents resented the commercials meaning that the null hypothesis above should be rejected. However, this result may not be true when a much larger or smaller data sample is used. Driving into a conclusive course of action will requires use of test statistics like the computation of z value. z value guides on decisions on rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis depending on the standard normal distribution (Easton and McColl, par. 10). Using one tail t test and a decision rule of 5% significance level the critical z value is 1.645. z value is computed by dividing the difference between hypothesized proportion (10%) and sampled proportion (6%) by the sampling error (0.03). The computed z 1.33, which is greater than critical z value; hence a conclusion can be drawn that the null hypothesis be adopted even if the preliminary computations stated otherwise. The consortium should therefore seek a settlement with Tommy instead of proceeding to defend the case in court. Works Cited Easton, Valarie J. and McColl, John H. Hypothe sis Test. Statistics Glossary, Vol. 1. Web. Rogers, Tom. â€Å"Amazing Applications of Probability and Statistics†. April 2, 1996. Web. This term paper on July At The Multiplex was written and submitted by user Norah Stuart to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.